Shift to realised capital gains tax

The Dutch government presented a revised framework for Box 3 wealth taxation to the Tweede Kamer, abandoning earlier plans to levy annual taxes on unrealised paper profits. Prime Minister Rob Jetten and Finance Minister Eelco Heinen sent a formal letter to parliament confirming that the cabinet will instead introduce a tax on realised capital gains starting in 2028. The overhaul follows a 2021 Supreme Court ruling that declared the previous fictitious return system unlawful. Under the new timetable, the tax will cover roughly 90% of financial instruments in 2028, including shares, bonds, options, and second properties. The regime will expand fully in 2030 to encompass cryptocurrencies and other liquid holdings.

Fiscal gap and small saver burden

The transition to taxing gains only upon sale creates an immediate revenue shortfall, as investors can defer transactions to avoid immediate liability. The government projects missed revenues of approximately 17 billion euros, including more than 3 billion euros in 2028 alone. To generate funding, the cabinet proposed halving the tax-free asset allowance in 2027 from 60,098 euros to 30,846 euros. For 2028, the government reduced the annual tax-free return from the planned 1,800 euros to 1,000 euros, bringing 850,000 small savers and retail investors into Box 3 taxation for the first time. Under the 1,000 euro cap, a saver faces tax at 80,000 euros of wealth at a 1.25% interest rate, or at 50,000 euros at a 2% rate. A long-term fiscal overview requested by Pro lawmaker Luc Stultiens revealed an unresolved structural shortfall of 7.7 billion euros through 2040, compounded by a temporary Box 2 corporate tax reduction to 29.2%.

Prinsjesdag plan1,800

ChristenUnie proposal1,500

Cabinet proposal1,000

Prinsjesdag plan

1800 €

ChristenUnie proposal

1500 €

Cabinet proposal

1000 €

Data from the article text

Cross-party resistance in parliament

During the General Financial Debate on Wednesday, lawmakers across the political spectrum voiced strong opposition to lowering the exemption thresholds for retail savers. SGP lawmaker André Flach criticised the measure as an undue burden on personal finance.

“It is a penalty on thrift or successful entrepreneurship.”

JA21 lawmaker Michiel Hoogeveen similarly condemned the proposal for discouraging domestic investment among citizens.

“Disastrous for the ambition to have more Dutch people invest their savings.”

Coalition representatives from the CDA, VVD, and D66 acknowledged the widespread discontent and expressed willingness to renegotiate the funding terms. CDA lawmaker Inge van Dijk described the impact on small savers as an unfortunate element of the package, while D66 lawmaker Henk-Jan Oosterhuis indicated openness to alternative funding models.

Competing proposals and budget tensions

Parliamentary parties presented diverging approaches to replace the 500 million euro revenue stream generated by taxing smaller assets. ChristenUnie proposed raising the tax-free return allowance to 1,500 euros, which would exempt 600,000 citizens from tax liabilities, funded through increased gift taxes. Pro rejected minor threshold adjustments and advocated structural alternatives, including a dedicated wealth tax on millionaires, increased aviation taxes, and reduced mortgage interest deductions. The VVD and JA21 resisted tax hikes, proposing instead to draw on unused balances from the 16 billion euro fund originally set aside for historical Box 3 compensation payouts. The tax debate coincides with broader fiscal friction following the cancellation of social security cuts after union strikes, which shifted interim funding pressures onto the education budget.