In brief
The EU Migration and Asylum Pact, adopted in May 2024, applies across all 27 member states from 12 June 2026, establishing a common system for screening, asylum and returns.
Every irregular arrival must undergo identity, security and health checks and be registered in Eurodac. Asylum cases can be decided within seven days in border procedures.
Member states are obliged to help frontline countries via relocations, funding or operational support, though most currently prefer financial contributions.
Greece, Germany, Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands are jointly developing plans to set up return centres in third countries for rejected asylum seekers.
Commissioner Magnus Brunner acknowledged that the upgraded Eurodac database, a core pillar of the new system, is still under development and not at 100%.
- 1 MayEU adopts the Migration and Asylum Pact, comprising 10 interlinked legislative acts.
- 7 MayEuropean Commission publishes progress report, noting significant headway but further steps required.
- 9 JunGreek Parliament approves national law incorporating the Pact.
- 12 JunPact enters full application across all 27 EU member states.
The EU's most ambitious migration reform in decades became operational on 12 June, replacing the fragmented Dublin system with a single rulebook. Frontline states like Greece now face both new obligations and guaranteed EU-level support.
What the Pact changes
Every irregular arrival must undergo mandatory screening — identity, security, health and vulnerability checks — and be registered in the upgraded Eurodac database. Asylum claims from certain nationalities will follow an obligatory border procedure, with decisions expected within seven days in express cases. Those refused protection will be channelled directly into return procedures. The Pact also obliges all member states to contribute to a yearly solidarity pool, helping countries under pressure through relocations, funding or operational aid, though most governments so far prefer financial contributions over taking in asylum seekers.
“12 June is the starting point, not the end of the journey.”
Greece's four-pillar framework
Greece passed its incorporation bill on 9 June, resting on four pillars: mandatory screening at external borders using the new Eurodac, accelerated asylum processing with stricter deadlines and border procedures, a strengthened returns framework, and deeper cooperation with EU agencies. The law was approved only by the governing New Democracy party.
The return hubs initiative
A group of five member states — Greece, Germany, Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands — is jointly promoting the creation of "return hubs" in non-EU countries. These centres would hold individuals whose asylum applications have been definitively rejected. Greek Migration and Asylum Minister Thanos Plevris confirmed that contacts with third countries are underway to sign the first agreements.
An incomplete launch
Commissioner Brunner cautioned that critical components are not yet fully operational. Most urgently, the Eurodac database — described as the backbone of the new identification and tracking system — is not 100% ready.
“We are not yet at 100%.”
A Commission progress report in early May noted that while member states have made significant advances, further work is needed before the framework reaches full operational maturity. Currently, fewer than 30% of deportation orders are enforced across the EU, a figure the new rules aim to raise.